{"id":9117,"date":"2015-07-03T16:37:28","date_gmt":"2015-07-03T09:37:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/?p=9117"},"modified":"2018-07-03T16:49:52","modified_gmt":"2018-07-03T09:49:52","slug":"ky-nang-soan-thao-hop-dong-thuong-mai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/ky-nang-soan-thao-hop-dong-thuong-mai\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1 cao quy tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 k\u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t chi ti\u1ebft, ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfm khi x\u1ea3y ra. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u00f4ng Bill Gate, trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean thi tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Microsoft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cTheo c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh ng\u00e0y nay? \u201d M\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201c\u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span>\u201d. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 nghi ng\u1edd t\u00ednh nghi\u00eam t\u00fac trong c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng Bill Gate kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 v\u1eady. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 cho \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn anh ta v\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c C\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u01b0a quan t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, v\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng khu\u00f4n s\u00e1o, \u0111\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec7u \u2013 \u201cn\u0103m c\u00e2u ba \u0111i\u1ec1u\u201d, kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu so v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb thua khi ki\u1ec7n t\u1ee5ng. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y do nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n: v\u0103n h\u00f3a kinh doanh tr\u1ecdng t\u00edn h\u01a1n tr\u1ecdng l\u00fd, quy m\u00f4 kinh doanh c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111au x\u00f3t trong giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u00ean ch\u01b0a s\u1ee3\u2026\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

1. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m khi so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/p>\n

a) So\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o D\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n:<\/strong><\/p>\n

So\u1ea1n d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng (b\u01b0\u1edbc 1), \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ed5 sung d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o (b\u01b0\u1edbc 2), h\u00f2an thi\u1ec7n \u2013 k\u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng (b\u01b0\u1edbc 3) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. So\u1ea1n d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00fap cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c mu\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n. N\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n, khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o t\u1ed1t coi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t 50% c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 k\u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ecf qua b\u01b0\u1edbc 1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba x\u00e2y nh\u00e0 v\u1eeba v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t, s\u01a1 h\u1edf trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee5 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e8m theo nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eabu h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: cu\u1ed1n Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, do TS. Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Dung (ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean). Doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1eabu h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho vi\u1ec7c so\u1ea1n d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1edfi n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c mua b\u00e1n m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau, trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u0103c bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh (d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u) nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro kinh doanh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf hay gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1eabu th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: khi mua h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfm khi x\u1ea3y ra: h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3, h\u00e0ng nh\u00e1i; g\u1eb7p b\u00e3o, l\u1ee5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, giao h\u00e0ng; khi tranh ch\u1ea5p ki\u1ec7n t\u1ee5ng th\u00ec ti\u1ec1n ph\u00ed lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 b\u00ean n\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu; nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp b\u00ean vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f4ng\u2026? Do v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0o l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a hai b\u00ean, \u0111\u1eebng l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu \u2013 ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

b) Th\u00f4ng tin x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n tham gia k\u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin sau:<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, doanh nghi\u1ec7p: T\u00ean, Tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf, Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung tr\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ghi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c Gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd kinh doanh ho\u1eb7c Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1c b\u00ean n\u00ean xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ecnh, ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n, k\u00fd k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u00fd k\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n: T\u00ean, s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9ng minh th\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa. N\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0y ghi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c theo ch\u1ee9ng minh th\u01b0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed9 kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 c\u0169ng n\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi k\u00fd k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

c) T\u00ean g\u1ecdi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00ean g\u1ecdi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng theo t\u00ean lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ean h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u00ean lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n, c\u00f2n t\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 xi m\u0103ng, ta c\u00f3 H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n + xi m\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 + khuy\u1ebfn m\u1ea1i. Hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u00f3i quen s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u201cH\u1ee2P \u0110\u1ed2NG KINH T\u1ebe\u201d theo Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng kinh t\u1ebf (1989) nh\u01b0ng nay Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 18 \u0111\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 12 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, Lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i n\u0103m 2005 c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hai b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

d) C\u0103n c\u1ee9 k\u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00e1c b\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, k\u00fd k\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n u\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, khi c\u00e1c b\u00ean l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 k\u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn l\u00e0: C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 2005 v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i 2005 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00fd k\u1ebft, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00ec hai lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u01b0u \u00fd khi \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi bi\u1ebft v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh quan h\u1ec7 trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

e) Hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00ean sau c\u00f9ng k\u00fd v\u00e0o h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c; Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0: h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n nh\u00e0, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7\u2026 C\u00e1c b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t sinh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c thi h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n k\u00fd k\u1ebft (ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00fd t\u00ean v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng) c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u01b0u \u00fd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n k\u00fd ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 trong Gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd kinh doanh ho\u1eb7c Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1eef k\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u (ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n) c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3. V\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n k\u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0n, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam cu\u1ed1n Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, do TS. Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Dung (ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean).<\/p>\n

2. K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta chia c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ra th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n hay c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c, theo s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbn. Trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u00fd, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng khi so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 (\u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n) quan tr\u1ecdng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

a) \u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a (gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch) c\u00e1c t\u1eeb, c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng; b\u1edfi trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb, c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb, c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt\u201d, \u201ch\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh\u201d, \u201cquy chu\u1ea9n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u201d. Do v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1t sinh tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1c b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m r\u00f5 (\u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a) ngay t\u1eeb khi k\u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi c\u00f9ng nhau b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c khi c\u00f3 tranh ch\u1ea5p, ki\u1ec7n t\u1ee5ng x\u1ea3y ra th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u1ecfan n\u00e0y gi\u00fap cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e9t x\u1eed hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung c\u00e1c b\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ra ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

b) \u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5) m\u00e0 b\u00ean l\u00e0m d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5: c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sau khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: trong H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5: c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n theo quy chu\u1ea9n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, s\u1ed1 n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 5 n\u0103m, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tham gia t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. C\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a b\u00ean thu\u00ea d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u00ean thu\u00ea d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng thua thi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 tranh ch\u1ea5p x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

c) \u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n t\u00ean h\u00e0ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00ean h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a. \u0110\u1ec3 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf tranh ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t sinh, t\u00ean h\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. H\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ean chung v\u00e0 t\u00ean ri\u00eang. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 \u2013 g\u1ea1o (t\u00ean chung), g\u1ea1o t\u1ebb, g\u1ea1o n\u1ebfp (t\u00ean ri\u00eang). N\u00ean khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ean h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00ean ri\u00eang, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e1y m\u00f3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Tu\u1ef3 t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ean h\u00e0ng sau \u0111\u00e2y cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p: T\u00ean + xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9; t\u00ean + nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t; t\u00ean + ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c Catalogue; t\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i; t\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc; t\u00ean k\u00e8m theo c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m; t\u00ean theo nh\u00e3n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c bao b\u00ec \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

L\u01b0u \u00fd: Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p mua b\u00e1n trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m kinh doanh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p mua b\u00e1n. Ngo\u00e0i ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kinh doanh, h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 kinh doanh c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, vi\u1ec7c mua b\u00e1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean mua b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n sau: Lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i 2005 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u: \u0110i\u1ec1u 25, \u0110i\u1ec1u 26, \u0110i\u1ec1u 32, \u0110i\u1ec1u 33; Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1: 59\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 12\/06\/2006 v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ea5m kinh doanh, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kinh doanh v\u00e0 kinh doanh c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n; Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1:12\/N\u0110 \u2013 CP ng\u00e0y 23\/01\/2006 v\u1ec1 mua b\u00e1n, gia c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 s\u1ed1: 04\/TT-BTM ng\u00e0y 06\/04\/2006.<\/p>\n

d) \u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u00ean h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, chi ti\u1ebft. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng th\u00ec r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t sinh tranh ch\u1ea5p. D\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u201cch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 l\u00e0: t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1\u201d (\u0110i\u1ec1u 3, Ngh\u1ecb \u0110\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1: 179\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 21\/10\/2004 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1).<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i chung ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Mu\u1ed1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 th\u00ec tu\u1ef3 theo t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 l\u00fd, c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau v\u1ec1 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u00ean tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 theo m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n chung c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia hay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u00e1c b\u00ean tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn: \u201cch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng da gi\u1ea7y theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Vi\u1ec7t Nam theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1: 15\/Q\u0110- BCN, ng\u00e0y 26\/05\/2006 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ban h\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh Da \u2013 Gi\u1ea7y\u201d. V\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u00e8m theo c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

e) \u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng):<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 l\u00e0: \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u00ednh, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch sau: theo tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecbnh (kil\u00f4gam, t\u1ea1, t\u1ea5n), theo m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i, theo toa xe, toa t\u00e0u, hay theo khoang thuy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c do \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u0103ng, gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 dung sai (t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 sai l\u1ec7ch) trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

f) \u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3:<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u00ean khi tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung sau: \u0111\u01a1n gi\u00e1, t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n thanh to\u00e1n. V\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 (gi\u00e1 di \u0111\u1ed9ng). Gi\u00e1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cao v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n giao h\u00e0ng ng\u1eafn. Gi\u00e1 di \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m (d\u1ec5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo gi\u00e1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c theo s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n s\u1eaft x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng (s\u1eaft c\u00e2y phi 16), hai b\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0: 200.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/c\u00e2y nh\u01b0ng lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p c\u00e2y n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00e9p nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 th\u00e9p nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u b\u00ean b\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0: \u201cB\u00ean b\u00e1n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1 t\u0103ng theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 % t\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 th\u00e9p nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u.\u201d<\/p>\n

g) \u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n thanh to\u00e1n:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thanh to\u00e1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 giao, nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n khi mua b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t trong ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thanh to\u00e1n sau \u0111\u00e2y cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p:<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thanh to\u00e1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp: khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00e1c b\u00ean tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp thanh to\u00e1n v\u1edbi nhau, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t, s\u00e9c ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed1i phi\u1ebfu. C\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp giao nh\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng qua d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a B\u01b0u \u0110i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi c\u00e1c b\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eabn nhau, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nh\u1edd thu v\u00e0 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb (L\/C) l\u00e0 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c mua b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho c\u1ea3 b\u00ean mua v\u00e0 b\u00ean b\u00e1n trong vi\u1ec7c thanh to\u00e1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho b\u00ean mua l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n khi \u0111\u00e3 giao h\u00e0ng. V\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u00ec Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c b\u00ean khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thanh to\u00e1n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

L\u01b0u \u00fd: Vi\u1ec7c thanh to\u00e1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi nhau ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n chung Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7), theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 4, \u0110i\u1ec1u 22 \u2013 Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ed1i \u2013 2005.<\/p>\n

h) \u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n ph\u1ea1t vi ph\u1ea1m:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea1t vi ph\u1ea1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i do c\u00e1c b\u00ean t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t, r\u0103n \u0111e, ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba vi ph\u1ea1m h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean. Khi tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ed9 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eabn nhau m\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1t vi ph\u1ea1m. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft, tin c\u1eady l\u1eabn nhau, uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i th\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh (tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn) \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y. C\u00f2n trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c th\u00ec n\u00ean c\u00f3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1t vi ph\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee9c ph\u1ea1t th\u00ec do c\u00e1c b\u00ean tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n ph\u1ea1t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n ph\u1ea1t linh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo % gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng vi ph\u1ea1m. Theo B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 (\u0110i\u1ec1u 422): \u201cPh\u1ea1t vi ph\u1ea1m l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, theo \u0111\u00f3 b\u00ean vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n cho b\u00ean b\u1ecb vi ph\u1ea1m; m\u1ee9c ph\u1ea1t vi ph\u1ea1m do c\u00e1c b\u00ean tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng theo Lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i (\u0110i\u1ec1u 301) th\u00ec quy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c ph\u1ea1t vi ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: \u201cM\u1ee9c ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi ph\u1ea1m ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5ng m\u1ee9c ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u vi ph\u1ea1m do c\u00e1c b\u00ean tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 8% gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb vi ph\u1ea1m\u201d. Do v\u1eady, c\u00e1c b\u00ean khi tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c ph\u1ea1t ph\u1ea3i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ee9c ph\u1ea1t trong ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1eeb 8% tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u00ean tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn m\u1ee9c ph\u1ea1t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 12%) th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 (4%) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ecb v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p vi ph\u1ea1m b\u1ecb \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i ph\u1ea1t c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee9 vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn l\u00e0: \u201cN\u1ebfu b\u00ean b\u00e1n vi ph\u1ea1m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 th\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t 6% gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u1ebfu h\u1ebft th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n thanh to\u00e1n m\u00e0 b\u00ean mua v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n th\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t 5% c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n ch\u1eadm tr\u1ea3\u201d.<\/p>\n

j) \u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd n\u1ea3y sinh ngo\u00e0i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean hay ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0: b\u00e3o, l\u0169 l\u1ee5t, h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u00fai l\u1eeda, chi\u1ebfn tranh, b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng, kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Khi m\u1ed9t b\u00ean vi ph\u1ea1m h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng do g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ng th\u00ec ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n (kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t vi ph\u1ea1m, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i).<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ng th\u00ec r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb b\u00ean vi ph\u1ea1m l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1i th\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho b\u00ean b\u1ecb vi ph\u1ea1m. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ng v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u00ean g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ng:<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u201cS\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ecdi bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho ph\u00e9p;<\/p>\n

\u2013 B\u00ean g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ngay cho b\u00ean kia bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c vi ph\u1ea1m h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d.<\/p>\n

k) \u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ea1i Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i hay t\u1ea1i To\u00e0 \u00e1n th\u00ec tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n khi c\u00f3 tranh ch\u1ea5p th\u00ec do To\u00e0 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. C\u00e1c b\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 1, \u0110i\u1ec1u 7, \u0110i\u1ec1u 10 Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i ng\u00e0y 25\/02\/2003 v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 2 Ngh\u1ecb \u0110\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1: 25\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 15\/01\/2004.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 hai: H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 gi\u1eefa th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n khi c\u00f3 tranh ch\u1ea5p th\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ea1i Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i To\u00e0 \u00e1n; n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u1eb7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00e1c b\u00ean l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p t\u1ea1i Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i th\u00ec tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau \u0111\u00edch danh m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cM\u1ecdi tranh ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ea1i Trung t\u00e2m tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Ph\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn chung chung l\u00e0: \u201ctrong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 tranh ch\u1ea5p s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ea1i Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i\u201d th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

Ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 gi\u1eefa th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lu\u1eadt \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng khi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0: lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u00ean mua, lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u00ean b\u00e1n hay lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u2013 v\u00ed d\u1ee5: C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u00ean n\u0103m 1980 v\u1ec1 mua b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng thua thi\u1ec7t do thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i hay ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i: N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n do c\u00e1c b\u00ean tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3; tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c k\u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng quan tr\u1ecdng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i nh\u01b0: h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n nh\u00e0. So v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u201cl\u1eddi n\u00f3i gi\u00f3 bay\u201d th\u00ec h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u201cgi\u1ea5y tr\u1eafng m\u1ef1c \u0111en\u201d g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c b\u00ean \u201ctr\u1edf m\u1eb7t\u201d trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00ec l\u1ea1i \u201cb\u00fat sa g\u00e0 ch\u1ebft\u201d ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 \u201cmua d\u00e2y bu\u1ed9c m\u00ecnh\u201d. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7 ro trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong vi\u1ec7c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o, \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n k\u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

theo t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed lu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00bb Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1 cao quy tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 k\u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t chi ti\u1ebft, ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfm khi x\u1ea3y ra. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[150],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9117"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9117"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9117\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9117"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9117"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9117"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}