Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1.
\nVi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 hai c\u1ea5p x\u00e9t x\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a TTHS. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc hai c\u1ea5p x\u00e9t x\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng T\u00f2a \u00e1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1ecb c\u00e1o, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1; l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u1ea5p ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n
Vi\u1ec7c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a X\u00e9t x\u1eed ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m (XXPT) V\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 (VAHS) l\u00e0 \u201cx\u00e9t x\u1eed l\u1ea1i v\u1ee5 \u00e1n m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u00e1n, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ee5 \u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt b\u1ecb kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o, kh\u00e1ng ngh\u1ecb\u201d ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc hai c\u1ea5p x\u00e9t x\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 (BLTTHS) 2003 (\u0110i\u1ec1u 20). Theo \u0111\u00f3, x\u00e9t x\u1eed s\u01a1 th\u1ea9m l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p x\u00e9t x\u1eed th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 XXPT l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p x\u00e9t x\u1eed th\u1ee9 hai. Hi\u1ec7n nay, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u201chai c\u1ea5p x\u00e9t x\u1eed\u201d s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu trong T\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 (TTHS) ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p x\u00e9t x\u1eed l\u00e0 T\u00f2a s\u01a1 th\u1ea9m. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c th\u1ea9m v\u00e0 t\u00e1i th\u1ea9m ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p x\u00e9t x\u1eed, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u201cx\u00e9t l\u1ea1i\u201d nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n \u00e1n, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 HLPL. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 hai c\u1ea5p x\u00e9t x\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a TTHS. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc hai c\u1ea5p x\u00e9t x\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng T\u00f2a \u00e1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1ecb c\u00e1o, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1; l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u1ea5p ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m. X\u00e9t x\u1eed ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n
Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a XXPT ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 \u00e1n m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u00e1n (quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh) s\u01a1 th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ee5 \u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 HLPL b\u1ecb kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o, kh\u00e1ng ngh\u1ecb.
\nTh\u1ee9 hai:<\/strong> XXPT ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh khi c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 231 BLTTHS, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1ng ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Vi\u00ean ki\u1ec3m s\u00e1t (VKS) theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 232 BLTTHS.
\nTh\u1ee9 ba:<\/strong> To\u00e0 \u00e1n c\u1ea5p ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m khi x\u00e9t x\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a b\u00e1n \u00e1n ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 th\u1ea9m b\u1ecb kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o, kh\u00e1ng ngh\u1ecb m\u00e0 c\u00f2n x\u00e9t x\u1eed l\u1ea1i v\u1ee5 \u00e1n v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung.
\nTh\u1ee9 t\u01b0:<\/strong> Ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 tham gia t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng trong XXPT bao g\u1ed3m: T\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u1ea5p ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m, VKS c\u1ea5p ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o, kh\u00e1ng ngh\u1ecb v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 T\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u1ea5p ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp tham gia phi\u00ean t\u00f2a.
\nTh\u1ee9 n\u0103m:<\/strong> Phi\u00ean t\u00f2a ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 nh\u01b0:
\nkhi khai m\u1ea1c phi\u00ean to\u00e0, th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda phi\u00ean to\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n ra x\u00e9t x\u1eed; tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi, vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00e1o tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m s\u00e1t vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean H\u0110XX ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m t\u00f3m t\u1eaft n\u1ed9i dung v\u1ee5 \u00e1n, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n \u00e1n s\u01a1 th\u1ea9m, n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o, kh\u00e1ng ngh\u1ecb; vi\u1ec7c lu\u1eadn t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m s\u00e1t vi\u00ean \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tranh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a VKS.
\nTh\u1ee9 s\u00e1u:<\/strong> XXPT c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng trong c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0:
\ngi\u1eefa T\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u1ea5p s\u01a1 th\u1ea9m v\u00e0 T\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u1ea5p ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m (trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o, kh\u00e1ng ngh\u1ecb; x\u00e1c minh l\u00fd do kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n\u2026) gi\u1eefa VKS c\u1ea5p s\u01a1 th\u1ea9m v\u00e0 VKS c\u1ea5p ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m (trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1ng ngh\u1ecb b\u1ea3n \u00e1n s\u01a1 th\u1ea9m); T\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u1ea5p ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m v\u00e0 VKS c\u1ea5p ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ee5 \u00e1n\u2026
\nTh\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y:<\/strong> Khi XXPT, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1ng ngh\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 c\u00f3 trong h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1ee5 \u00e1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t t\u1ea1i T\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u1ea5p s\u01a1 th\u1ea9m. B\u1ea3n \u00e1n c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u1ea5p ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 c\u0169 v\u00e0 m\u1edbi. XXPT VAHS bao g\u1ed3m hai ti\u1ec3u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb XXPT v\u00e0 phi\u00ean t\u00f2a ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m. V\u00e0 trong m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00ec vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau; vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u00f5 h\u01a1n
\nVai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a x\u00e9t x\u1eed ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 trong t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 Trong t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1, x\u00e9t x\u1eed ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, kh\u00e1ch quan v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1; b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ee3i \u00edch Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. X\u00e9t x\u1eed ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m c\u00f2n c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00e2ng cao \u00fd th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt cho c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, \u00fd th\u1ee9c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng tham gia \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m. Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1n, T\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u1ea5p ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho c\u00e1c T\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt; g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u00e1c VAHS, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng l\u00fd cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m. Th\u00f4ng qua x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi, tranh lu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc phi\u00ean to\u00e0 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean c\u00f4ng khai, To\u00e0 \u00e1n gi\u00fap cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 phi\u00ean to\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao \u00fd th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p\u2026 v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 tham gia \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m.
\n\u0110\u1ecba v\u1ecb ph\u00e1p l\u00ed v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 trong t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf To\u00e0 \u00e1n trong s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1. Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 ng\u00e0y 18\/12\/1987 l\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c ngh\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 v\u00e0 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngh\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. Lu\u1eadt Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01b0, t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 lu\u1eadt s\u01b0, ngh\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 mang t\u00ednh chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, ngang t\u1ea7m v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u01a1 quan, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c (\u0110i\u1ec1u 2 Lu\u1eadt Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0). Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p tham gia trong m\u1ed9t \u0110o\u00e0n Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 10 Lu\u1eadt Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cL\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt s\u01b0, \u0111\u00e3 qua th\u1eddi gian t\u1eadp s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt s\u01b0, c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh lu\u1eadt s\u01b0\u201d. Theo Lu\u1eadt Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 2006, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n quan tr\u1ecdng khi cho ph\u00e9p lu\u1eadt s\u01b0, d\u00f9 h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o (h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 l\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng lu\u1eadt s\u01b0, c\u00f4ng ty lu\u1eadt hay h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp) \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1p l\u00ed theo qui \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tham gia t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 n\u1eefa nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 2001. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 sau khi Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 2001 ra \u0111\u1eddi, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 2006, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 tham gia t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00f2a \u00e1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn gay c\u1ea5n t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean t\u00f2a \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn. Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ph\u00e1p l\u00ed c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ecba v\u1ecb ph\u00e1p l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0). Trong TTHS, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ph\u00e1p l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh khi h\u1ecd tham gia t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 (\u0110i\u1ec1u 58, \u0110i\u1ec1u 59 BLTTHS).
\n\u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p cho b\u1ecb can, b\u1ecb c\u00e1o; lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau:
\nV\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 trong t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1:
\nQuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa n\u00f3i chung, c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 n\u00f3i ri\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec1u 56, 57, 58 BLTTHS n\u0103m 2003.
\nLu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0:
\ntham gia t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb khi kh\u1edfi t\u1ed1 b\u1ecb can; c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t khi l\u1ea5y l\u1eddi khai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u1ea1m gi\u1eef, khi h\u1ecfi cung b\u1ecb can v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0110i\u1ec1u tra vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u1ea1m gi\u1eef, b\u1ecb can v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tra kh\u00e1c; xem c\u00e1c bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa; Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch; quy\u1ec1n thu th\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt, t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa; quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u\u2026 Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00eau tr\u00ean, BLTTHS n\u0103m 2003 c\u00f2n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n \u201ckhi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng\u201d.
\nV\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 trong TTHS:
\nLu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 sau \u0111\u00e2y: s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ecdi bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p do ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u1ea1m gi\u1eef, b\u1ecb can, b\u1ecb c\u00e1o v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i, nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a b\u1ecb can, b\u1ecb c\u00e1o; gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u1ea1m gi\u1eef, b\u1ecb can, b\u1ecb c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 n\u00eau tr\u00ean, BLTTHS n\u0103m 2003 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0.. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:
\n\u2013 T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua chu\u1ed9c, c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u00e9p ho\u1eb7c x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c khai b\u00e1o gian d\u1ed1i, cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u sai s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt;
\n\u2013 C\u00f3 m\u1eb7t theo gi\u1ea5y tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a To\u00e0 \u00e1n;
\n\u2013 Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 b\u00ed m\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u tra m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p, sao ch\u1ee5p trong h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1ee5 \u00e1n v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, quy\u1ec1n, l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.
\nNh\u01b0 v\u1eady<\/strong>, so v\u1edbi BLTTHS n\u0103m 1988 th\u00ec BLTTHS n\u0103m 2003 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa n\u00f3i chung. Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 tham gia t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho b\u1ecb can, b\u1ecb c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i oan m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n vai tr\u00f2 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ph\u00e1p l\u00ed v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 trong TTHS c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang m\u1ef1c h\u01a1n. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng g\u1ee1 t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ee5 \u00e1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau. S\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n v\u1eeba gi\u00fap cho quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3; v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho v\u1ee5 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft kh\u00e1ch quan, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n