{"id":6467,"date":"2017-01-30T19:58:50","date_gmt":"2017-01-31T02:58:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/?p=6467"},"modified":"2023-06-21T15:30:57","modified_gmt":"2023-06-21T08:30:57","slug":"ky-nang-hoi-tai-phien-toa-hanh-chinh-cua-luat-su","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/ky-nang-hoi-tai-phien-toa-hanh-chinh-cua-luat-su\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean to\u00e0 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01b0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ch\u1ec9 trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n 10 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, c\u01a1 quan, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u00eam s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u01a1 quan ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan, minh b\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt,\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi\u00a0nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u01a1 quan, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

Trong t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n gi\u00fap cho Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong phi\u00ean to\u00e0, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 h\u01a1n n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n qua vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p cho th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7,Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecfi, n\u1ed9i dung h\u1ecfi, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecfi\u2026 K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9, kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1ee5 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc phi\u00ean to\u00e0 th\u00ec x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc phi\u00ean to\u00e0. K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean to\u00e0 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng. Vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 trong phi\u00ean t\u00f2a s\u01a1 th\u1ea9m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 ch\u1ecdn h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh n\u00f3i ri\u00eang. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y n\u00ean xin ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u201ck\u1ef9 n\u0103ng h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean to\u00e0 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

I. KH\u00c1I QU\u00c1T CHUNG C\u00c1C \u0110\u1eb6C TH\u00d9 C\u1ee6A V\u1ee4 \u00c1N H\u00c0NH CH\u00cdNH C\u00d3 \u1ea2NH H\u01af\u1edeNG T\u1edaI K\u1ef8 N\u0102NG V\u00c0 HO\u1ea0T \u0110\u1ed8NG TRANH T\u1ee4NG C\u1ee6A LU\u1eacT S\u01af<\/strong><\/p>\n

A. V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u 28 Lu\u1eadt t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\u201c1. Khi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, h\u00e0nh vi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, h\u00e0nh vi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi b\u00ed m\u1eadt nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, an ninh, ngo\u1ea1i giao theo danh m\u1ee5c do Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, h\u00e0nh vi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh mang t\u00ednh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/em><\/p>\n

2. Khi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 danh s\u00e1ch c\u1eed tri b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, danh s\u00e1ch c\u1eed tri b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.<\/em><\/p>\n

3. Khi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt bu\u1ed9c th\u00f4i vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 t\u1eeb T\u1ed5ng C\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng.<\/em><\/p>\n

4. Khi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea1nh tranh\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, h\u00e0nh vi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

B. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec7n c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh tr\u00e1i ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, hai b\u00ean ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 tranh ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a quan h\u1ec7 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n, l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m b\u1edfi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, h\u00e0nh vi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c cho r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n, l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m b\u1edfi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt bu\u1ed9c th\u00f4i vi\u1ec7c, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i To\u00e0 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, h\u00e0nh vi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt bu\u1ed9c th\u00f4i vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb khi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec7n. Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 trong c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1n\u00a0h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1, khi m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9ng ra bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ecb c\u00e1o, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 \u00e1n phi h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ngang b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean.<\/p>\n

C. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 l\u00fd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean quan trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh. Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 2 Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh:\u00a0\u201cTr\u01b0\u1edbc khi kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u To\u00e0 \u00e1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 h\u1ecd cho l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt; trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i, th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i l\u00ean c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 hay kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i To\u00e0 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u 103 Lu\u1eadt t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh th\u00ec c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u01a1 quan t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, h\u00e0nh vi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt bu\u1ed9c th\u00f4i vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi trong quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u01a1 quan, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i to\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

D.V\u1ec1 th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i, kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f2a \u00e1n th\u1ee5 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vai tr\u00f2 lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 tham gia tranh t\u1ee5ng trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 khi lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t, thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng tham gia tranh t\u1ee5ng \u1edf c\u1ea3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 khi tham gia phi\u00ean t\u00f2a x\u00e9t x\u1eed.<\/p>\n

II. NH\u1eeeNG HO\u1ea0T \u0110\u1ed8NG C\u1ea6N THI\u1ebeT, PH\u1ee4C V\u1ee4 K\u1ef8 N\u0102NG H\u1eceI C\u1ee6A LU\u1eacT S\u01af T\u1ea0I PHI\u00caN T\u00d2A H\u00c0NH CH\u00cdNH<\/strong><\/p>\n

X\u00e9t x\u1eed t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean to\u00e0 s\u01a1 th\u1ea9m l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 kh\u00e2u then ch\u1ed1t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u00e2u k\u1ebft tinh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, t\u00ecm t\u00f2i c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nh\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ee9ng ra b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng khai. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y. V\u00ec v\u1eady, Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb th\u1eadt t\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c sau tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ra phi\u00ean to\u00e0.<\/p>\n

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  1. 1. \u0110i\u1ec1u tra, x\u00e1c minh v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 khi thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 m\u00e0 lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u1ea7n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc xem x\u00e9t, t\u1eeb s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng\u00a0c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong h\u1ed3 s\u01a1. Vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t\u00a0 c\u00e1ch k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u00fap lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ch\u00fang theo nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i nh\u1ea5t cho lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean t\u00f2a. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, x\u00e1c minh, thu th\u1eadp ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tham gia t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n qua \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, kh\u00e1ch quan trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

    M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, x\u00e1c minh, thu th\u1eadp ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 l\u00e0 gi\u00fap lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan, di\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi tham gia sau khi v\u1ee5 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f2a \u00e1n th\u1ee5 l\u00fd, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c, s\u1ebd gi\u00fap lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft li\u00ean quan c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 tham gia gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 kh\u00e1ch ngay t\u1eeb khi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 sung ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 cho lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 trong gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, l\u00fd l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tham gia t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean t\u00f2a. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tham gia c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 trong c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng n\u00f3i chung c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong phi\u00ean t\u00f2a x\u00e9t x\u1eed v\u1ee5 \u00e1n n\u00f3i ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n

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    1. 2. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb phi\u00ean t\u00f2a x\u00e9t x\u1eed. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 khi thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 m\u00e0 lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u1ea7n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc xem x\u00e9t, t\u1eeb s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong h\u1ed3 s\u01a1. Vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 khi \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft gi\u00fap lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ch\u00fang theo nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i nh\u1ea5t cho lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean t\u00f2a. Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o t\u1edd c\u1ee9u. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn ra nh\u1eefng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ed3 s\u01a1, lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nh\u1ea5t cho th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

      Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn v\u1ee5 \u00e1n, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh \u0111\u00fang sai v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 c\u00f3 trong h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u01b0u, khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m, sai ph\u1eadm c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3)<\/p>\n

      Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 thu\u1ed9c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e9t x\u1eed song trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ed3 s\u01a1, lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eb1m c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng c\u0103n c\u1ee9, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng mang t\u00ednh thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c cao \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. 3.\u00a0L\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea3n h\u1ecfi, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u00a0s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean t\u00f2a h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u01a1 th\u1ea9m<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        A .L\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea3n h\u1ecfi:<\/em><\/p>\n

        Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ra phi\u00ean to\u00e0, Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi gi\u00fap Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m r\u00f5, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c\u00a0v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u00fang t\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb h\u1ecfi. Tu\u1ef3 v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i dung v\u1ee5 \u00e1n, c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong h\u1ed3 s\u01a1, Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi, th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi h\u1ecfi ai tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ai sau; D\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi; Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n sao cho c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi hi\u1ec3u theo nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a. Tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 chung chung, d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi hay c\u00e2u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, v\u00ec h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb h\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb h\u1ecfi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m trong l\u1eddi khai \u0111\u00e3 khai t\u1ea1i c\u01a1 quan \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n l\u1eddi khai n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng khi x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

        Trong ph\u1ea7n x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi, lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m r\u00f5 th\u00eam t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c theo h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean t\u00f2a. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nh\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn phi\u00ean t\u00f2a, ghi ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf cho ph\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

        B. L\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7:<\/em><\/p>\n

        Khi l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1, lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn trong ph\u1ea7n tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, t\u00ednh c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u00e0nh vi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh b\u1ecb ki\u1ec7n,\u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean t\u00f2a \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean t\u00f2a g\u00e2y ra h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

        C. L\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng:<\/em><\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean t\u00f2a c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng, C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i dung v\u1ee5 \u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft, Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean to\u00e0\u2026. Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn tr\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 khi c\u1ea7n th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n

        III. K\u1ef8 N\u0102NG THAM GIA X\u00c9T H\u1eceI TRONG PHI\u00caN T\u00d2A<\/strong><\/p>\n

        X\u00e9t x\u1eed t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean to\u00e0 s\u01a1 th\u1ea9m l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i cho \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean t\u00f2a h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 tham gia trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n. C\u00f3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng th\u00ec lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

        1. kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 trong x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi<\/strong><\/p>\n

        a. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/em>:<\/p>\n

        X\u00e9t h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean t\u00f2a h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean to\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang v\u1ee5 \u00e1n. Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, l\u00e0m r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c To\u00e0 \u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng, khi x\u00e9t x\u1eed v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 th\u00ec x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n; khi x\u00e9t x\u1eed v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 th\u00ec x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ecb c\u00e1o. To\u00e0 \u00e1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh vi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1, ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i, ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ee5 \u00e1n ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh ngay t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean to\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e9t x\u1eed v\u1ee5 \u00e1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u 46, Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean to\u00e0. Th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p vi\u1ec7c x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n, kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi th\u00ec ngo\u00e0i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cung c\u1ea5p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e9t x\u1eed nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u1ee5 \u00e1n, \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh quan t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

        b. Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 tham gia x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi:<\/em><\/p>\n

        Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean to\u00e0 l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00f4ng khai c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, so s\u00e1nh, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n n\u00f3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

        Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean to\u00e0 trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian x\u00e9t x\u1eed, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd theo d\u00f5i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh\u00a0H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e9t x\u1eed\u00a0ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean to\u00e0.<\/p>\n

        V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng khai nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

        2. Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc khi tham gia x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi, Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 tham gia x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi, theo d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi th\u00eam nh\u1eefng g\u00ec. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung, Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecfi ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i cho th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

        a. Ghi ch\u00e9p di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a phi\u00ean to\u00e0<\/em><\/p>\n

        Khi theo d\u00f5i th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean to\u00e0, Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1eddi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ki\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 li\u00ean quan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch chung. Khi nghe v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p, Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c nhanh nh\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c l\u1eddi khai c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00e1ch quan ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n, nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u1ed9i dung, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

        Qua c\u00e1c l\u1eddi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u01a1\u1eddi tham gia t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng n\u00e0o th\u00ec Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c ghi ch\u00e9p ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00fd ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ghi ch\u00e9p ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 l\u01b0u \u00fd khi xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i. B\u1ea3n ghi ch\u00e9p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cho th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u01a1\u1eddi tham gia t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng khai tr\u01b0\u1edbc To\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5.<\/p>\n

        Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ghi ch\u00e9p c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd ch\u00fa \u00fd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c. Th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00f3 Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e9t x\u1eed m\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ghi ch\u00e9p c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean to\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, khi ghi ch\u00e9p Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 ghi nh\u1edb khi xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

        C\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft sau khi \u0111\u00e3 nghe x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi (ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1edf phi\u00ean to\u00e0).<\/p>\n

        b. Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia th\u1ea9m v\u1ea5n t\u1ea1i T\u00f2a \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/em><\/p>\n

        Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quan h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ki\u1ec7n. Khi ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda d\u00e0nh cho quy\u1ec1n h\u1ecfi, Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi s\u1eafc b\u00e9n, ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 sao cho s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nh\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Khi x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t v\u00e0 xo\u00e1y s\u00e2u v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

        Khi \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m, ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, d\u1ec5 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i v\u00e0o tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c v\u1eeba \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1eeba ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn l\u00e0m l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n tranh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 Ch\u1ee7 to\u1ea1 phi\u00ean to\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf. Tu\u1ef3 t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1eeba t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba g\u1ee3i \u00fd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3. Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p khi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a\u00a0Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e9t x\u1eed l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb th\u01b0 k\u00fd phi\u00ean to\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n phi\u00ean to\u00e0. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u1ee3c nghe tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea9m v\u1ea5n t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean to\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung cho b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p trong b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 ngay t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean to\u00e0 th\u00ec Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean to\u00e0 h\u00f4m nay<\/p>\n

        c. Tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 trong ph\u1ea7n x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi:<\/em><\/p>\n

        Trong ph\u1ea7n x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 (th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7) khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c \u0111\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 to\u1ea1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ee5 \u00e1n. Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eddi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9\u2026 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1eefa lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

        3. \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi trong ph\u1ea7n x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean t\u00f2a<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01a1\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho To\u00e0 \u00e1n nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

        a. \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng:<\/em><\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e9t x\u1eed.<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi d\u00e0nh cho th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t ra Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00f3c b\u00faa m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, hai b\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 khi mu\u1ed1n m\u00ecnh tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 cho th\u1ea5y Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean h\u1ecfi th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. Tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho h\u1ecd. Tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m cho th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 m\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh, thi\u1ebfu l\u00f2ng tin v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01b0.<\/p>\n

        b. \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c:<\/em><\/p>\n

        C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch\u00a0h\u1ecfi\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ed5 sung ngay t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean t\u00f2a, lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao, lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0a ra (m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: thu nh\u1eadn, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin, ch\u1ee9ng minh kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang\u2026)<\/p>\n

        Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi s\u1eafc b\u00e9n, ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 sao cho s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nh\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed9i dung tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb xa, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng d\u1eabn d\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

        c. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u01b0u \u00fd, c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh khi tham gia \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:<\/em><\/p>\n

        \u2013 Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c\u00a0c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

        \u2013 Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi thi\u1ebfu khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n, g\u00e2y c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa# Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a hai b\u00ean, gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean v\u1edbi nhau, v\u1edbi To\u00e0 \u00e1n v\u00e0 v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m s\u00e1t, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

        \u2013 Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch nhau c\u00f4ng khai t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean t\u00f2a m\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9, l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

        \u2013 N\u00ean d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 khi \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Cho ph\u00e9p t\u00f4i\u2026, T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb\u2026 Xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi\u2026<\/p>\n

        \u2013 D\u00f9ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef lu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c# thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef lu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef lu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

        4. K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01b0<\/strong><\/p>\n

        a. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t\u00a0c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:<\/em><\/p>\n

        C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi (\u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong ph\u1ea7n x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean t\u00f2a h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u0110\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi.<\/li>\n
        • Gi\u1eef cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u.<\/li>\n
        • M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/li>\n
        • Ki\u1ec3m tra xem ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang\u00a0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.<\/li>\n
        • Ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecfi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 th\u1ebf, phong th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, sao cho g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng. Tr\u00e1nh c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m nh\u01b0 khoa tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1nh tay, \u0111i l\u1ea1i m\u1ea5t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 khi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda phi\u00ean t\u00f2a, ch\u1ec9 tay v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c khi n\u00f3i, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 tay v\u00e0o th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m tr\u00f2 c\u01b0\u1eddi cho ph\u00f2ng x\u1eed \u00e1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

          \u2013 Ph\u1ea3i b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng. Gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ung dung: n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee7 to \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean khi c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, ngo\u00e0i ra gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft, ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9, nghi ng\u1edd, v.v\u2026 n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

          \u2013 \u0110\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng tin, \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd v\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

          \u2013 C\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/p>\n

          b. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i\u00a0c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/em><\/p>\n

          T\u00f9y t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p sao cho \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi. Xin \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n

          * C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi b\u1ed5 sung l\u1eddi khai<\/em><\/p>\n

          M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng khai b\u00e1o t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean to\u00e0 nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a r\u00f5. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e9t x\u1eed nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho h\u1ecd. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do h\u1ecd m\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh m\u00e0 khai sai. Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y khai b\u1ed5 sung nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 ho\u1eb7c c\u00f2n s\u00f3t. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c khi th\u1ea5y l\u1eddi khai b\u1ed5 sung c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

          * C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi g\u1ee3i m\u1edf<\/em><\/p>\n

          M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, kh\u01a1i d\u1eady trong tr\u00ed nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi m\u1ed1i li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

          *\u00a0C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ea1ch r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 gian d\u1ed1i<\/em><\/p>\n

          C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 gian d\u1ed1i, t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd trong l\u1eddi khai c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n: ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u00eau nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang; ph\u1ea7n hai n\u00eau n\u1ed9i dung l\u1eddi khai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u1edf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ea1ch r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 gian d\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi khai.<\/p>\n

          Ch\u00fa \u00fd khi \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi g\u1ee3i m\u1edf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap h\u1ecd nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng do l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean.<\/p>\n

          PH\u1ea6N III: K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN<\/strong><\/p>\n

          C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng tham gia t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 trong phi\u00ean t\u00f2a h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u01a1 th\u1ea9m n\u00f3i ri\u00eang trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01b0; kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong vi\u1ec7c tham gia c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh n\u00f3i chung m\u00e0 c\u00f2n tham gia v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01b0. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng h\u1ecfi n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u00f3i chung, Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i tham gia v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng lu\u1ed3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 thu n\u1ea1p t\u1eeb tr\u00ean, Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh trau d\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y cho ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c tham gia th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c phi\u00ean t\u00f2a h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ecd gi\u00fap ph\u00e1p l\u00fd cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u1ea7n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

          Vi\u1ec7c r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean t\u00f2a h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 tham gia trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n. C\u00f3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng th\u00ec lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

          Trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp hi\u1ec7n nay, vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 v\u1edbi th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u00eanh ngay t\u1eeb khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb1ng sau phi\u00ean to\u00e0. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

          S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m<\/em><\/p>\n

          \u00bb\u00a0Th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ch\u1ec9 trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n 10 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, c\u01a1 quan, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u00eam s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u01a1 quan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[257],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6467"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6467"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6467\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38333,"href":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6467\/revisions\/38333"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6467"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6467"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6467"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}