Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00ec v\u1eady, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft h\u1ecd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho ai theo \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong di ch\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n
B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 2005 \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp di ch\u00fac t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 648 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n
\u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp di ch\u00fac c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n sau:<\/p>\n
\u2013 Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf; tru\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edfng di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf;<\/em><\/p>\n \u2013 Ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n di s\u1ea3n cho t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf.<\/em><\/p>\n \u2013 D\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n trong kh\u1ed1i di s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 di t\u1eb7ng, th\u1edd c\u00fang.<\/em><\/p>\n \u2013 Giao ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf.<\/em><\/p>\n \u2013 Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef di ch\u00fac, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd di s\u1ea3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n chia di s\u1ea3n\u201d\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n Theo \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp di ch\u00fac bao g\u1ed3m:<\/strong><\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf. Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp di ch\u00fac c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u01a1 quan t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng di s\u1ea3n theo di ch\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp di ch\u00fac..<\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 hai, quy\u1ec1n tru\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edfng di s\u1ea3n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp di ch\u00fac c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ebf tru\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edfng di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 (n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n). M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c tru\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp di ch\u00fac trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 ba, quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh di s\u1ea3n cho t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp di ch\u00fac c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e2n chia m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf n\u00e0o h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea7n di s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0\u1edfng di s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 v\u1eadt g\u00ec, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia di s\u1ea3n theo di ch\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00fd nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i di s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, quy\u1ec1n giao ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 cho t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf. Theo s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong di ch\u00fac, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd khi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i di s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3, b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i\u2026 Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i di s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, quy\u1ec1n gi\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n di s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 di t\u1eb7ng. ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp di ch\u00fac c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1eb7ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 n\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt n\u01b0\u1edbc ta quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cTr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 di s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 thanh to\u00e1n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp di ch\u00fac th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n di t\u1eb7ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y.\u201d(kho\u1ea3n 2, \u0110i\u1ec1u 671 BLDS 2005).<\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i di s\u1ea3n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd c\u00fang. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp di ch\u00fac c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n di s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd c\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u201cph\u1ea7n\u201d \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 bao nhi\u00eau so v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u1ed1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, quy\u1ec1n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung, h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf di ch\u00fac. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp di ch\u00fac c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd ch\u00ed th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t trong di ch\u00fac s\u1ebd b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp di ch\u00fac th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf di ch\u00fac ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed5 sung di ch\u00fac v\u00e0 di ch\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung.<\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m, quy\u1ec1n thay th\u1ebf di ch\u00fac. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp di ch\u00fac c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n thay th\u1ebf di ch\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp di ch\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf di ch\u00fac th\u00ec nh\u1eefng di ch\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn, quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef di ch\u00fac, gi\u1eef di s\u1ea3n, ph\u00e2n chia di s\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u00fd nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c x\u00e2m h\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng di ch\u00fac, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp di ch\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi l\u1ea1i di ch\u00fac \u1edf c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c g\u1eedi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh tin t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1eef b\u1ea3n di ch\u00fac, gi\u1eef di s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia di s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n \u00bb T\u01b0 v\u1ea5n lu\u1eadt th\u1eeba k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai<\/a><\/p>\n