{"id":31970,"date":"2015-03-12T09:18:00","date_gmt":"2015-03-12T02:18:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/?p=31970"},"modified":"2022-03-18T10:18:42","modified_gmt":"2022-03-18T03:18:42","slug":"yeu-cau-bao-ve-cong-ly-cong-bang-trong-to-tung-hinh-su-phap-che-xa-hoi-chu-nghia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/yeu-cau-bao-ve-cong-ly-cong-bang-trong-to-tung-hinh-su-phap-che-xa-hoi-chu-nghia\/","title":{"rendered":"Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  1. \n
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    1. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd trong t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n
    2. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n
    3. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a<\/strong><\/h2>\n

      1.1. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd trong t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 2013 \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 102: \u201cTAND c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd\u201d\u00a0<\/em>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf, g\u00ecn gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f4ng l\u00fd trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\u2019 kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan khi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c, tranh ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1p l\u00fd trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1:\u00a0<\/p>\n

      Trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ee5 \u00e1n, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed9i danh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap cho ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 x\u00e9t x\u1eed x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ecb c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i hay kh\u00f4ng, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u00ec ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i g\u00ec, c\u00f3 c\u00f2n trong th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u truy c\u1ee9u hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

      B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m b\u1ecb truy c\u1ee9u. N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m. \u0110i\u1ec1u 13 B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2015 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cKhi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i, k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111o B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec c\u01a1 quan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

      Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 x\u00e9t x\u1eed ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau:<\/p>\n

      \u2013 Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng:<\/em><\/p>\n

      + S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd (t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft t\u0103ng n\u1eb7ng, gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, mi\u1ec5n, gi\u1ea3m tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m\u2026), s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i x\u00e1, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf thay \u0111\u1ed5i\u2026), s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd (nh\u01b0 ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng, t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft\u2026); s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nguy hi\u1ec3m cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m, nh\u00e2n th\u00e2n, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i. ..;<\/p>\n

      + T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t, nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ee5c m\u1ea1, h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i\u2026<\/p>\n

      + T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, do truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1\u2019 cao t\u00ednh c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00ean s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00f4n vinh, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u201cc\u00f3 \u0111i c\u00f3 l\u1ea1i\u201d ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a, \u0111\u1ec1 cao, gia gi\u1ea3m cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p th\u00ec h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

      \u2013 Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p:<\/em><\/p>\n

      + Lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m theo quy t\u1eafc \u201cc\u00f3 \u0111i c\u00f3 l\u1ea1i\u201d. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t ph\u1ea3i c\u00e0ng nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i; nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u00ec tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m, t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft t\u0103ng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u00ec tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng theo;<\/p>\n

      + Trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1, t\u1ef1 do th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc bu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u201c\u1ea9n\u201d trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn t\u1ed9i, t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 ho\u1eb7c xin chuy\u1ec3n sang lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n\u2026<\/p>\n

      \u2013 Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb:<\/em><\/p>\n

      \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o trong vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m. V\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy t\u1eafc \u201cc\u00f3 \u0111i c\u00f3 l\u1ea1i\u201d \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, tuy nhi\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m th\u00eam t\u00ednh r\u0103n \u0111e, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba chung trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 m\u01b0u, c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u1ec9 huy, ngoan c\u1ed1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, c\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3, t\u00e1i ph\u1ea1m nguy hi\u1ec3m\u2026 V\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 khoan h\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 th\u00fa, \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00fa, th\u00e0nh kh\u1ea9n khai b\u00e1o, \u0103n n\u0103n h\u1ed1i c\u1ea3i, l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i, t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 thai\u2026; ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 c\u00f2n nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u00fd th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt\u2026<\/p>\n

      \u2013 \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng, vi ph\u1ea1m tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1n<\/em><\/p>\n

      Theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 x\u00e9t x\u1eed gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1n. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd trong c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i v\u1ee5 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c, g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u1edf nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

      Ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 x\u00e9t x\u1eed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy t\u1eafc \u201cc\u00f3 \u0111i c\u00f3 l\u1ea1i\u201d khi x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c vi ph\u1ea1m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 vi ph\u1ea1m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec3n, l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n hay tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd theo h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng cao. Nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u00e1n, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n b\u1ecb T\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean h\u1ee7y, s\u1eeda; quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh truy t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m s\u00e1t b\u1ecb T\u00f2a \u00e1n tuy\u00ean tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra b\u1ed5 sung; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n, khi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec7n b\u1ecb T\u00f2a \u00e1n \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1c\u2026; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi ph\u1ea1m tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd b\u1ecb T\u00f2a \u00e1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ee5 \u00e1n. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 x\u00e9t x\u1eed x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng vi ph\u1ea1m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n minh v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n

      Ngo\u00e0i ra, khi xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p (n\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ee5 \u00e1n).<\/p>\n

      1.2. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n<\/h3>\n

      B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u00e1n l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf, g\u00ecn gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f4ng l\u00fd trong vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, th\u1ef1c thi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e9t x\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd n\u1ed9i dung.<\/p>\n

      B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 x\u00e9t x\u1eed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/p>\n

      \u2013 Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng:<\/em><\/p>\n

      + S\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t sinh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh l\u00e0m r\u00f5 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh;<\/p>\n

      + C\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n, ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 tham gia t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. C\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n th\u1ec3, quy\u1ec1n b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa, quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, danh d\u1ef1, nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n\u2026 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n;<\/p>\n

      + V\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u00e1p l\u00fd ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 g\u1eafn v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n

      \u2013 \u00a0Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p:<\/em><\/p>\n

      + Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o quy t\u1eafc \u201cc\u00f3 \u0111i c\u00f3 l\u1ea1i\u201d trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n, ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 n\u1ed9p chi ph\u00ed t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng, n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00f2a \u00e1n th\u1ee5 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft; ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00f2a \u00e1n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u\u2026;<\/p>\n

      + T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng tham gia h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f9ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb T\u00f2a \u00e1n t\u1ea1m ng\u1eebng phi\u00ean t\u00f2a \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i\u2026.<\/p>\n

      \u2013\u00a0Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c t\u1ed1\u2019 t\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb:<\/em><\/p>\n

      Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng qua s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 t\u01b0, kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 x\u00e9t x\u1eed khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng qua vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tranh t\u1ee5ng. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf qua vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c r\u00fat g\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n minh qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c\u2026<\/p>\n

      \u2013\u00a0\u00a0Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n:<\/em><\/p>\n

      Ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p (n\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0y h\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ee5 \u00e1n).<\/p>\n

      Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c thi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

      \u2013\u00a0 B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb x\u00e9t x\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e9t x\u1eed, t\u1eeb s\u01a1 th\u1ea9m, ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c th\u1ea9m, t\u00e1i th\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u2026 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n;<\/p>\n

      \u2013\u00a0 B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c trong th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1i sai (h\u00e0nh vi vi ph\u1ea1m b\u1ecb c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c, tranh ch\u1ea5p), kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t m\u00e0 xem nh\u1eb9 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ee9c cung, nh\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh\u2026;<\/p>\n

      \u2013\u00a0 B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qua s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng, n\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t ra gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho n\u1ed9i dung x\u00e9t x\u1eed, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ph\u1ea1m vi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n (\u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p, h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p). Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 T\u00f2a \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u00fd tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p ngo\u00e0i v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c tranh c\u00e3i ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3\u2026;<\/p>\n

      \u2013\u00a0B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn th\u00ec c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0: thu th\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9; th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi; c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng\u2026 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 x\u00e9t x\u1eed s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i gi\u00fap ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e9t x\u1eed th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

      Trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n x\u00e9t x\u1eed, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng l\u00fd th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p x\u00e9t x\u1eed s\u01a1 th\u1ea9m, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p x\u00e9t x\u1eed ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m\u2026 th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p x\u00e9t x\u1eed s\u01a1 th\u1ea9m l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

      Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng, gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd n\u1ed9i dung, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t vi ph\u1ea1m th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00e1c trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n, c\u00e1i n\u00e0o quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n. Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, c\u00f4ng l\u00fd n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi k\u1ebb s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t theo \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed k\u1ebb s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb tra t\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i th\u00fa t\u1ed9i th\u00ec c\u00f4ng l\u00fd th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00f4ng l\u00fd th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c s\u1ebd th\u1eafng c\u00f4ng l\u00fd n\u1ed9i dung, b\u1ecb c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i[1]. Nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa vi ph\u1ea1m<\/p>\n

      nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng, c\u00f4ng l\u00fd n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e3n l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f4ng l\u00fd th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i, b\u1ed5 sung cho \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 (theo c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m o kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 4, \u0111i\u1ec3m d kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 280, \u0111i\u1ec3m c kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 358 B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2015..<\/p>\n

      1.3. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ee5 \u00e1n<\/h3>\n

      B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ee5 \u00e1n l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f4ng l\u00fd trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

      H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc x\u1eed s\u1ef1 do nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ban h\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, \u00e1n l\u1ec7, t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n\u2026 M\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung \u1edf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, n\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u00ec \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, \u00e1n l\u1ec7\u2026 theo nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

      D\u00f9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o, nh\u1eefng quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f4ng l\u00fd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 x\u00e9t x\u1eed x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n. N\u1ebfu trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 x\u00e9t x\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn ra; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 x\u00e9t x\u1eed s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u00ecm, ph\u1ea3i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u1eefng quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, nh\u1eefng quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc\u2026 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ee5 \u00e1n. Theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m \u00e1n l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

      \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ee5 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sau \u0111\u1ea7y:<\/p>\n

      \u2013 C\u00e1c t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ecb nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, trong c\u00e1c quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan \u0111\u00f3;<\/p>\n

      \u2013 C\u00e1c quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do, quy\u1ec1n an to\u00e0n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng\u2026 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi;<\/p>\n

      \u2013 C\u00e1c quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng;<\/p>\n

      \u2013 C\u00e1c quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n quy t\u1eafc \u2018c\u00f3 \u0111i c\u00f3 l\u1ea1i\u201d trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n, ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh;<\/p>\n

      \u2013\u00a0 C\u00e1c quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n cam k\u1ebft, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p cho ph\u00e9p;<\/p>\n

      \u2013\u00a0 C\u00e1c quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, v\u0103n minh\u2026;<\/p>\n

      \u2013 C\u00e1c quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p. \u1ede c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/em> theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Common law nh\u01b0 Hoa K\u1ef3, T\u00f2a \u00e1n t\u1ed1i cao (T\u1ed1i cao ph\u00e1p vi\u1ec7n) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p qua vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, b\u1ed5 sung Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p[2]. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, T\u00f2a \u00e1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, quy\u1ec1n b\u1ed5 sung, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 U\u1ef7 ban th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

      1.4.\u00a0\u00a0B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ee5 \u00e1n<\/h3>\n

      B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i dung ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng l\u00fd trong vi\u1ec7c ban h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n \u00e1n, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n \u00e1n, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh l\u00f4-g\u00edch h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn, k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn; c\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng\u2026 Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00fang th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 trang tr\u1ecdng, t\u00f4n nghi\u00eam, \u0111\u1ec3\u2019 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft nh\u00e2n danh nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, nh\u00e2n danh c\u00f4ng l\u00fd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

      2. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      3.2. X\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng<\/h3>\n

      Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 2013 v\u00e0 BLTTHS n\u0103m 2015, x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng (faire hearing) ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n nhi\u1ec1u trong khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1p l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e9t x\u1eed n\u00f3i ri\u00eang \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua v\u1eabn n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong x\u00e9t x\u1eed. Theo Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n 1948 th\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng khai b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a \u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb trong vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd (\u0110i\u1ec1u 10).<\/p>\n

      ICCPR n\u00eau r\u00f5 h\u01a1n n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u201ct\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00f2a \u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng khai do m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp ra tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 trong t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1\u201d (\u0110i\u1ec1u 14 (1)).<\/p>\n

      Theo gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a HRC, s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c \u0111e d\u1ecda ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 b\u00ean n\u00e0o cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00e0o. HRC c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, v\u00f4 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00f2a \u00e1n (t\u00f2a \u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u00f2a \u00e1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, t\u00f2a \u00e1n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 hay t\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1) c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. S\u1ef1 v\u00f4 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a \u00e1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft m\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi thi\u00ean v\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh x\u1eed theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1eb1m \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho b\u00ean kh\u00e1c. T\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 t\u01b0. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 x\u00e9t x\u1eed k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

      Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp thu m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ed9i dung nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 2013 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn: \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00f2a \u00e1n x\u00e9t x\u1eed k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi trong th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, c\u00f4ng khai\u201d (kho\u1ea3n 2 \u0110i\u1ec1u 31). Tri\u1ec3n khai Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 2013 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp thu gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, BLTTHS n\u0103m 2015 c\u0169ng ghi nh\u1eadn nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u 25. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc kh\u00e1c n\u00ean nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

      V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u1edf g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n b\u00e0n th\u00eam n\u1ed9i dung nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc kh\u00e1c. C\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed9i dung: y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e9t x\u1eed; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00f4 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a \u00e1n; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa c\u1ee7a b\u1ecb can, b\u1ecb c\u00e1o; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m tranh t\u1ee5ng; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 suy \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i; quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia phi\u00ean t\u00f2a v\u00e0 x\u00e9t x\u1eed theo \u0111\u00fang th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh\u2026<\/p>\n

      Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u1edbi trong BLTTHS n\u0103m 2015, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc: b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a trong t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f2a \u00e1n, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m tranh t\u1ee5ng trong x\u00e9t x\u1eed, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n, h\u1ed9i th\u1ea9m\u2026<\/p>\n

      3. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      N\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t coi tr\u1ecdng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

      \u2013 Qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 thi h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt<\/em><\/p>\n

      D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u00f3, t\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01a1i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u00fd ch\u00ed th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

      Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb lu\u1eadt tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 thi h\u00e0nh lu\u1eadt. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong ph\u1ea1m vi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u01a1 quan h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, c\u01a1 quan kinh t\u1ebf hay c\u01a1 quan t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quy ph\u1ea1m do c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ban h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt. Ngay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i khi ban h\u00e0nh lu\u1eadt c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc (Tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p khi Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ra lu\u1eadt s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed5 xung Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p).<\/p>\n

      \u2013 T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy ph\u1ea1m c\u00f2n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i<\/em><\/p>\n

      M\u1ed9t khi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh theo \u0111\u00fang th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c do Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u00ean hay kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean tu\u00e2n theo v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3, v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 do , t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u01a1 s\u1edf kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

      Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang l\u1eddi v\u0103n v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Coi nh\u1eb9 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0o c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi sai l\u1ea7m trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n (d\u00f9 t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c hay kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c). Nh\u01b0ng nghi\u00eam chinh ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9, ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u1ea5y sao cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

      \u2013 M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em><\/p>\n

      Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u1ed9i k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea3ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c hay t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 tu\u1ea7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, c\u01a1 quan kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a minh. Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i thi h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 nhau. Ai vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb x\u1eed b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n

      \u2013 B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/em><\/p>\n

      Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m lo \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n m\u00e0 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt trao cho, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n kh\u00e1c. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean quan t\u00e2m t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

      K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh nghi\u00eam minh tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt H\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

      \u00bb Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd trong t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[155],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31970"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31970"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31970\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31970"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31970"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/luatsubaoho.com\/phapluat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31970"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}